Donna Karan

American fashion designer born in New York City. Karan studied at Parsons School of Design before being employed as a sketcher by fashion designer Anne Klein. Appointed Klein’s successor in 1969, Karan worked for the label until she formed her own in 1984. She produced comfortable, tailored working clothes for executive women that were feminine yet projected a sense of power. In addition, her clothes were designed to take women from the office into the evening. She also produced trendy, wearable sportswear in bright colors, and clingy clothes such as the bodysuit.

In 1988 Karan launched a lower-priced line of sportswear, DKNY, and in 1991 added sport clothes for men, DKNY Men. In 1992 she moved away from the structured look of the 1980s to produce lighter, casual, and more fluid outfits for women. In 2001 she sold her company to the French firm LVMH (Louis Vuitton-Moet Hennessy).

Edgar Allan Poe (1809–1849)

U.S. writer best known as a poet and short story writer. In the latter capacity he pioneered several modern genres and subgenres, including the detective story, psychological horror fiction, and science fiction, making extensive experiments with narrative form. These extended to fiction imitative of contemporary scientific reportage, in ‘‘The Effects of Mesmerism on a Dying Man’’ (1845; aka ‘‘The Facts in the Case of M. Valdemar’’), and an extraordinary book length ‘‘poem in prose’’ popularising and extrapolating contemporary discoveries in *astronomy in Eureka: An Essay on the Material and Spiritual Universe (1848).

Poe’s unparalleled literary inventiveness received such a hostile reception in his homeland that one of his biographers, J. A. T. Lloyd, titled his life story The Murder of Edgar Allan Poe (1931), identifying Poe’s literary executor, Rufus W. Griswold, as the chief assassin. It was Griswold who permanently saddled Poe’s by-line with a middle name derived from the surname of his stepfather (which Poe incorporated only briefly while he was alive) and wrote the deceptive memoir that gave him a posthumous reputation as a drunkard of dubious sanity. In fact, Poe drank little—although alcohol did go straight to his head, perhaps because he was perpetually on the brink of starvation—and was perfectly sane, but it is conceivable that he instructed his executor to demonise him. It is difficult to imagine that the nakedly vicious obituary that appeared under Griswold’s name could have been penned without prior sanction, and it may even have been written by Poe himself, as an ironic gesture. That would have been typical of Poe’s traffic with what one of his fictionalised essays called ‘‘The Imp of the Perverse’’ (1850).

Poe was much more successful in France than in the United States. His leading French translator was Charles Baudelaire, who saw his own perceived plight—as an unjustly neglected poet and a harshly treated stepson—mirrored in Poe’s unlucky life. Aided by Baudelairean style, Poe became a highly influential writer in Europe, and might be regarded as the true progenitor of the *Decadent Movement, whose central myth he developed in ‘‘The Fall of the House of Usher’’ (1839); he also modelled its stylistic affectations in ‘‘The Masque of the Red Death’’ (1842) and provided a guide to decadent lifestyle fantasy in ‘‘The Murders in the Rue Morgue’’ (1841).

Poe was the first writer seriously to tackle the problem of finding appropriate narrative forms for literary extrapolations of the scientific imagination, and he did so in a determinedly experimental spirit. In addition to the innovative formats cited above he toyed with visionary poetry in ‘‘Al Aaraaf’’ (1829), extraordinary voyages in ‘‘MS Found in a Bottle’’ (1833), The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket (1838), and ‘‘The Unparalleled Adventure of One Hans Pfaall’’ (1835; rev. 1840), mock-philosophical dialogue in ‘‘The Conversation of Eiros and Charmion’’ (1839) and ‘‘The Colloquy of Monos and Una’’ (1841), the tall tale in ‘‘The Man That Was Used Up’’ (1839), visionary fantasy in ‘‘Mesmeric Revelation’’ (1844) and ‘‘A Tale of the Ragged Mountains’’ (1844), and fake newspaper reportage in material reprinted in ‘‘The Balloon Hoax’’ (1844) and ‘‘Mellonta Tauta’’ (1849).

The experimental tentativeness of this material makes much of Poe’s science fiction seem odd to modern readers, but no one else—not even H. G. *Wells—ever matched his innovative flair and daring. The imaginative reach of Eureka seemed merely bizarre at the time, and no one noticed that it contained the first correct solution of Olbers’ paradox: the question of why the night sky is dark if the universe is illimitably vast and replete with stars. The analysis of the pretensions of empirical science contained in its early chapters—which dismisses the methods favoured by ‘‘Aries Tottle’’ (*Aristotle) and ‘‘Hog’’ (Francis *Bacon) in favour of intuitive inspiration—is sufficiently pompous and sarcastic to alienate lay readers and scientists alike, but it is best regarded as a typical example of defensive perversity. The middle section of the book is an earnest and perceptive description of astronomical discovery, whereas the final section is a poetic vision of the death and rebirth of whole cosmic systems (what would now be termed galaxies) whose transient light takes unimaginably long periods of time to reach the Earth. All *Omega Point fantasies and similarly grandiose visions of universal crisis owe their ultimate origin to Eureka. Poe’s literary influence was enormous, but is most evident in genres other than speculative fiction; he is much more frequently cited, acknowledged, and imitated in the fields of horror fiction and detective fiction. Stories in which he features as a character usually focus on his relevance to these other genres; examples include Manly Wade Wellman’s ‘‘When It Was Moonlight’’ (1940), Robert Bloch’s ‘‘The Man Who Collected Poe’’ (1951), Fritz Leiber’s ‘‘Richmond, Late September’’ (1969), Anne Edwards’ Child of Night (1975), Barbara Steward’s Evermore (1978), Marc Olden’s Poe Must Die (1978), Manny Meyers’ The Last Mystery of Edgar Allan Poe (1978), N. L. Zaroulis’ The Poe Papers (1978), Angela Carter’s ‘‘The Cabinet of Edgar Allan Poe’’ (1982), Walter Jon Williams’ ‘‘No Spot of Ground’’ (1989), Charles L. Harness’ Lurid Dreams (1990), Stephen Marlowe’s The Lighthouse at the End of the World (1995), Sophia Kingshill’s play The Murder of Edgar Allan Poe (1997), Kim Newman’s ‘‘Just Like Eddy’’ (1999), Harold Schechter’s Nevermore (1999) and its sequels, Randall Silvis’ On Night’s Shore (2001), and Hugh Cook’s ‘‘The Trial of Edgar Allan Poe’’ (2002). Rudy Rucker’s The Hollow Earth (1990) and Fred Saberhagen and Roger Zelazny’s The Black Throne (1990) are notable exceptions.

Bertrand Russell (1872–1970)

British philosopher. He studied mathematics and philosophy at Trinity College, Cambridge, and subsequently held a variety of academic posts there and at other universities. He was a remarkably prolific writer who tried hard to make the arcana of philosophy accessible to lay readers in books ranging in breadth from his succinct summary of The Problems of Philosophy (1912) to his sweeping account of The History of Western Philosophy (1945).

Russell’s early work in philosophy, reported in The Principles of Mathematics (1903) and Principia Mathematica (1910–1913 with A. N. Whitehead) attempted to synthesise logic and mathematics into a single coherent system. His subsequent work extended the range of his analysis of the foundations of knowledge into the philosophy of science, reacting against logical positivism while resisting the opposite tendencies of *linguistic philosophy; his own version of the realist philosophy of science was eventually summarised in Human Knowledge: Its Scope and Limitations (1948).

The attitudes to the progress of science and technology manifest in Russell’s work shifted somewhat over time, but were always ambivalent. On the one hand, he tackled the confusions of theoretical physics in the context of his popularising endeavours, in The ABC of Relativity (1925). On the other hand, he continually manifested anxieties regarding the social consequences of the advancement of knowledge. While the memory of World War I was still fresh in his mind, he wrote a scathing reply to J. B. S. Haldane’s essay Daedalus; or, Science and the Future (1923), wittily entitled Icarus; or, The Future of Science (1923), which argued succinctly that because the progress of technology gave people more power to indulge their passions—which seemed to be mostly destructive—it was a bad thing, and might easily bring about the destruction of civilisation. The dispute prompted the publisher to bring out an extended series of *futurological pamphlets with titles in a similar style, under the collective title Today & Tomorrow, which eventually ran to more than a hundred volumes.

Russell elaborated the argument of Icarus in a more detailed examination of The Scientific Outlook (1931), whose final chapter drew a distinction between ‘‘science considered as metaphysics’’ and ‘‘science considered as a technique for the transformation of ourselves and our environment’’. In the former guise, Russell considered that science had been intrinsically disappointing, leaving the power generated by science unconstrained, ‘‘only obtainable by something analogous to the worship of Satan, that is to say, by the renunciation of love’’. By the early 1950s, however— after winning the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1950— this *Faustian perception was somewhat ameliorated in the essays making up The Impact of Science on Society (1953), whose final chapter conscientiously listed the factors threatening the stability of a ‘‘scientific society’’, comprising practical problems of ecology, and sociopolitical problems of ensuring equality of prosperity. The conclusion conceded that only ‘‘an infinitesimal minority’’ of people seemed ready, willing, or able to interest themselves in trying to solve these problems, but suggested that it might be too early to give up all hope.

Russell’s Faustian interpretation of the condition of a scientific society was echoed in the allegorical title novella of his first collection of contes philosophiques, Satan in the Suburbs and Other Stories (1953), which also includes a speculative account of an unprecedently sensitive photographic device, ‘‘The Infraredioscope’’, and three relatively modest satires of intellectual high society. The contents of Nightmares of Eminent Persons and Other Stories (1954) are more unrepentantly fantastic, the main sequences of vignettes including ‘‘The Mathematician’s Nightmare: The Vision of Professor Squarepunt’’ and a vision of the author’s worst fears about the future of technology fulfilled, ‘‘Dr. Southport Vulpes’s Nightmare: The Victory of Mind over Matter’’. The remaining novellas, ‘‘Zahatopolk’’ and ‘‘Faith and Mountains’’, are blistering satires on religion that have no doubt at all that the scientific worldview is absolutely correct. The ‘‘Divertissements’’ section of the mixed collection Fact and Fiction (1961) added two more nightmares and a complementary sequence of dreams, although its only item of speculative fiction was the parable ‘‘Planetary Effulgence’’ (1959), in which a divided Martian society fails to learn a crucial lesson from the tragic history of Earth. The contents of the first two collections were reassembled, with the fictional items from the third, in The Collected Stories of Bertrand Russell (1972).

Russell, who defined a pedant as a person ‘‘who cares about whether what he is saying is true or not’’, was somewhat distressed by the attitude of mind that regards logic as an enemy to be feared and loathed, but had to acknowledge that dissenters from that view were a tiny and beleaguered minority. This accounts for the fervency of his desire to popularise philosophy and science, for the slightly injured tone that much of his philosophy adopted, and for the sarcastic wit with which his popular writing was invariably decorated. He remains an exceptionally clear and articulate exemplar of an attitude that was very widespread during the twentieth century, which was both fascinated by the advancement of science and fearful of it, deeply committed to the notion that knowledge is good in itself while despairing of the uses to which knowledge was mostly put. That kind of ambivalence saturated the major fraction of the twentieth-century literary response to science.

Yoga is best for back pain sufferers

New research from the United States suggests that the millennia-old therapy of yoga could benefit millions of people who suffer from back problems. In an article published in the Annals of Internal Medicine on December 20, researchers concluded that yoga was a more effective treatment for back pain than conventional therapy. A study conducted at the Group Health Cooperative in Washington State required 101 adults to follow a choice of remedial treatments – a 12-week course in yoga, 12 weeks of standard therapeutic exercise or the same period following instructions in a self-help book. The results showed yoga both expedited relief from pain and had longer lasting benefits. Lead researcher Dr. Karen Sherman said this was because “mind and body effects” were in collusion.

The article states that: “Most treatments for chronic low back pain have modest efficacy at best. Exercise is one of the few proven treatments…however, its effects are often small, and no form has been shown to be clearly better than another. Yoga, which often couples physical exercise with breathing, is a popular alternative form of ‘mind–body’ therapy…[It] may benefit patients with back pain simply because it involves exercise or because of its effects on mental focus. We found no published studies in western biomedical literature that evaluated yoga for chronic low back pain; therefore, we designed a clinical trial to evaluate its effectiveness.” Millions of people worldwide swear by yoga to improve their mental and physical health.

Pain Management

Pain is a message from the body that something is not right. Pain can signal injury or illness, or indicate that there is a problem with the pain perception mechanism itself. Physiological pain originates with sensory nerves that send signals to the brain, which the brain then interprets. Such signals are protective, intended to remove the body (or body part) from harm’s way. When the pain response is healthy and functioning appropriately the brain immediately sends back a message of response to the location of the pain, often resulting in the jerking away from whatever stimulus is causing the sensory nerves to detect and report pain or the intense desire to hold the body part motionless. Doctors have conventionally referred to such pain as “acute”—it comes on suddenly and has a particular (and usually identifiable) cause. The pain has a protective value, and when its cause is remedied the pain goes away. When the pain response is dysfunctional, sensory nerves continue to send or the brain continues to perceive circumstances that cause pain even when those circumstances no longer tangibly exist. Doctors have conventionally referred to such pain as “chronic”—it continues, often without physiological basis. This is not to say the pain does not exist; it does, and often in a debilitating way. However, chronic pain exceeds the function of the body’s pain mechanisms as researchers understand those mechanisms to function, becoming itself a health condition.

Though the experience of pain is highly subjective, much acute pain is predictable in terms of its occurrence, intensity, and endurance. Doctors know, for example, that pain following the majority of surgeries is most intense during the first 72 hours after the surgery, then begins to subside as the surgical wound heals. Numerous chemicals in the body facilitate both the healing and the easing of pain signals. Pain relief medications given to ease acute pain generally target the brain’s pain interpretation centers, sometimes with a combined effect as well as the nerves in the area of the wound. The pain medication oxycodone, for example, commonly prescribed for postoperative pain, combines a narcotic drug (brain) with an antiinflammatory drug (site). Some acute pain does not resolve in a short period of time, such as the pain associated with end-stage cancer, because the cause for the pain does not resolve.

Chronic pain may be just as intense and debilitating as acute pain, though doctors believe it represents a different dynamic within the pain response. Therapies and medications to relieve chronic pain appear to be most effective when they target the site or region of the pain. Therapies might include heat, cold, therapeutic massage, trigger point massage, acupressure, injections of anesthetic/ CORTICOSTEROID, nerve block injections, TENS stimulation, and CHIROPRACTIC manipulation. Medications to treat chronic pain often include NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS (NSAIDs) for localized as well as systemic relief of inflammation, muscle relaxants, and topical analgesics or counterirritants. Other efforts such as regular EXERCISE, ACUPUNCTURE, BIOFEEDBACK, and MEDITATION help to relieve stress associated with chronic pain.

Brushing Syndrome One of the rarest diseases in the World

As experienced by Megan Stewart, 13-year-old teenage girl was suffering from a rare syndrome called Brushing Hair Syndrome (syndrome combing hair). Touching objects that have a comb-like flow of static electricity and balloons can make his life drift.

His mother first came across this oddity when combing your hair while Megan was 6 years old, currently preparing for the first day of school.
"I was combing her hair in the living room. At that time she fell and her lips turn blue. Though he was fit and had never experienced it before. That's really scary, we do not know what happened, "said Megan's mother, Sharon Stewart.
Doctors at Yorkhill Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, told Megan's parents that they had only heard one case of the same syndrome, which forced children to avoid any kind of static electricity because it could trigger a fatal reaction.
Sharon (40 years) claimed to have never heard of Hair Brushing Syndrome before. Doctors had told him only heard of one similar case. Doctors are still puzzled what caused a rare condition like Megan. He was born weighing only 1.05 kg and only for the palm of his hand.
At birth, Megan had diaphragmatic hernia or hole in the diaphragm. This condition means that her stomach move up or through his chest, so it only allows room for a lung.
At 6 months pregnant, her mother had been diagnosed with a potentially fatal condition that is pre-eclampsia. His mother was forced to undergo an emergency Caesarean section to save her son.
"I really do not know what it is but I know I could die from that condition, so I'm really scared. I was getting a lot of drugs and since then I can not remember anything, apparently I almost died, "explained Sharon.
But thanks to the skill of the doctors at Bellshill Maternity Hospital, Lanarkshire, Sharon Stewart successfully underwent a full recovery. But little Megan had to spend his first 18 months in Glasgow's Yorkhill Hospital.
Now, with that experienced a strange syndrome, a teenage girl from Wishaw Lanarkshire should avoid any kind of static electricity in their daily lives, such as a comb and a balloon.
"When we comb her hair, we had to lay him down and covered her head with water to stop the flow of static electricity occurs. He also should not be rubbing a balloon on his head during a party, "explains Sharon.
In addition to experiencing a strange syndrome, Megan is also suffering from asthma and a condition called dorsal stream dysfunction (dysfunction of the back flow), which makes it difficult to see fast-moving objects like a ball.
His family said that Megan had to face further surgery in the future. But now he could still live as usual.
"He's a young girl very happy. When he was in the hospital there were so many children there are dying and very sick so we are delighted that he's healthy and able to live his life. He was really against all odds. He is a small miracle, "said his mother.

Moyo Island, a small island charmer

Moyo is an island located 2.5 km north of the island of Sumbawa. This island has an area of ​​350 km2, a maximum altitude of 671 meters, and 88 km of coastline. Administratively, this island including the district of Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia.

During the visit the best in the dry season which is June to August but the best time to visit is in June and July despite a wave of sea water began to calm down from April. Moyo Island is located in the Bay of Saleh has a national park nature reserve of Moyo Island is located a few kilometers from the north coast and the island is surrounded by beautiful coral reefs and habitats for wild boar, monitor lizards following 21 species of bats, wild deer and there are also group-eating macaques crab, wild cattle, deer, wild boar and various species of birds, sharks and turtles.

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Reasons Why You Should Roads in Indonesia

If anyone asks "Why on earth should the streets of Indonesia?" Then the answer is, "Why not?" There are many reasons why we should walk in Indonesia. Below are some of them.

Hopefully this article can make you agree stroll in Indonesia is obligatory.

all there is

What kind of tour are you looking for? Travel ocean, mountains, culture, shopping, or flora and fauna? All there is in Indonesia. Sea we have no doubt. Underwater world of Raja Ampat, Wakatobi, Komodo and Bunaken is famous around the world.

Type of beach sand what you looking for? Indonesia has clean white sand as fine as flour are also pink grainy. For lovers of mountains, Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world. There are many national parks for fans of flora and fauna.

With a variety of tribes, ethnicities, religions and beliefs, Indonesia had a diversity of cultures. Jakarta, a city with the largest shopping center, suitable for the hobby shop. The historic old buildings, there are also.

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friendly

Many people said that Indonesia is no longer as friendly as people first. But I believe the nation Indonesia remains one of the nation with the highest level of hospitality in the world. Even in big cities like Jakarta, which supposedly individualist society, the Jakarta far more friendly than other countries. If you get lost in the wilds of tangling Jakarta, should not hesitate to ask. Definitely helped. In other countries? Not necessarily.

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cheap

Expensive / cheap is relative. If you live in Medan, for example, walking to the area of eastern Indonesia is certainly more expensive than neighboring countries. But do not forget, there is no way prices. Often times you are paying is comparable with that obtained.

Seeing the dragons, the only remaining ancient animals, and leyeh-leyeh on a pink sand beach and boasts far more fun than the pictures taken in front of the twin towers or play in the amusement park. Man's work will not be able to beat the great work of God's creation, is not it?

To be cheap, go to an area close to where you live, such as neighboring provinces. You can also book tickets cheap flight promotions from far-away days.

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Easier
What is meant here is not simply about reaching destinations in Indonesia, it is about language and culture. To the area no matter where you go in Indonesia, of course you can already predict abstinence in the area.
The more remote an area, usually the more powerful ancestral lands. Surely you can figure out where you can wear a tank top, and which ones do not. Because we are compatriots, body language and expressions more readable so that the possibility of misunderstanding can be minimized.
Prestige
One reason the streets of Indonesia abroad is because of prestige. In fact, less prestigious what if you've explored all of Indonesia? Indonesia is very ironic if the person is more often the streets in other countries but do not know how beautiful the country itself. Cook the foreigners better understand the beauty of our country? Prestige, ah!Surf with waves as high as you find it not only in Bali, in Lampung could. Photo: Reuters / Rosa Panggabean
Improvements in life
If your economic situation is fine and feel no matter the economic conditions of the country, you'd better think again. Country's economic conditions economic conditions always affect the population.
With the streets in their own country, we help improve the economic conditions that effect our country will also improve our lives. Why is that?
Therefore, spending money in their own country will make money does not "escape" abroad. Well, supposing the money from the pockets of the bag right moved to the left, do not move into the pockets of others. If the nation's economy improves, we are lucky, right?

It's All About Titanic " The Largest Passenger Ship"

The largest passenger steamship in the world, the Olympic-class RMS Titanic was owned by the White Star Line and constructed at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland. After setting sail for New York City on 10 April 1912 with 2,223 people on board, she hit the iceberg four days into the crossing, at 11:40 pm on 14 April 1912, and sank at 2:20 am the following morning. The high casualty rate resulting from the sinking was due in part to the fact that, although complying with the regulations of the time, the ship carried lifeboats for only 1,178 people. A disproportionate number of men died due to the "women and children first" protocol that was enforced by the ship's crew.
Titanic was designed by experienced engineers, using some of the most advanced technologies and extensive safety features of the time. The high loss of life, the media frenzy over Titanic's famous victims, the legends about the sinking, the resulting changes in maritime law, and the discovery of the wreck have all contributed to the enduring interest in Titanic.

Titanic was built at the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, UK, and designed to compete with the rival Cunard Line's Lusitania and Mauretania. Titanic, along with her Olympic-class sisters, Olympic and the soon-to-be-built Britannic (originally named Gigantic), were intended to be the largest, most luxurious ships ever to sail. The designers were Lord Pirrie,^[15] a director of both Harland and Wolff and White Star, naval architect Thomas Andrews, Harland and Wolff's construction manager and head of their design department,^[16] and the Right Honourable Alexander Carlisle, the shipyard's chief draughtsman and general manager.^{[note 2][17]} Carlisle's responsibilities included the decorations, equipment and all general arrangements, including the implementation of an efficient lifeboat davit design. Carlisle would leave the project in 1910, before the ships were launched, when he became a shareholder in Welin Davit & Engineering Company Ltd, the firm making the davits.

The Titanic was a grand and luxurious, British passenger ocean liner, owned and operated by White Star Line.  It was 882½ feet long.  It was the largest ship built in its time.  Thomas Andrews, the head of Harland & Wolff design department, designed the Titanic.  From 1908-1909, over 15,000 Irish shipyard workers built the ship.  Each worker was paid about $10 a week.  The Titanic was known as the “unsinkable ship”.  The Titanic was called “unsinkable” because the ship had a double bottom.  The hull was divided up into 16 watertight compartments.  The ship was built to stay afloat even if two of the middle compartments, or four of the front compartments flooded.  So, the ship was considered “unsinkable”. After being the captain for the Titanic’s first voyage, he was to retire. On April 10, 1912, the Titanic left port, bound for New York.  It was a grand ship.  In the first-class lounge, there was a wonderful, wrought-iron and glass dome.  Under the dome, was the Grand Staircase, where first-class passengers usually met for dinner.  The natural light from the dome shone down on the beautiful, oak wall paneling and the oak railings of the staircase.  On the wall, at the top landing of the staircase, were two figures, symbolizing honor and glory, surrounding a small clock.  The dome shattered during the sinking. lifeboats.  Around 20 minutes after the crash, Captain Smith had an S.O.S. message sent out.  At the time, the S.O.S. message was not a common distress call.  The Titanic was one of the first ships to use that type of distress call.  At 12:55 a.m., the first distress rocket was fired.  The Californian, a nearby ship, thought that they were shooting off fireworks for a celebration.  At first, many people thought the Titanic was not going to sink.  But then, at 2:02 a.m., the last lifeboat (Collapsible B) was launched with 30 people on it.  By 2:20 a.m., the Titanic was completely underwater. Seven hundred six people survived, but 1,516 people died along with Captain Smith.  The wreck was considered the worst in history, which made people agree to improve the safety at sea. The Titanic rested undisturbed at the bottom of the sea in ruins.  In March of 1914, a Denver inventor located the site of the Titanic with plans to raise it, but was unable to complete the task.  A man named Jack Grimm searched for the Titanic three times, but never found it.  Finally, on September 1, 1985, Dr. Robert Ballard and his team discovered the Titanic 12,460 feet down on the ocean floor.  After they realized that they had found the Titanic, they had a memorial for all the people that died in the sinking.  After the memorial, they looked at what they had found.  They reported that the smokestacks were missing, and the ship was in two pieces.  About a year later, Robert Ballard made a small submarine named Alvin, and visited the wreck.  On their first journey to the Titanic, they saw that it was covered in rust.  There was still a bench, a light fixture and even some men’s boots.  Robert Ballard left a plaque asking future explorers to leave the Titanic in peace.  So, today, it still lies where it sank.

My Class Of Information System

Photos of Information System Class ABN 12,Binus University

Puisi : Nuansa Hati..

Nuansa Hati…

Karya : Hilyah N. 

Mendengar lantunan yang bernyanyi dan berirama

Kalbu yang terhembus jiwa di hati

Bagaikan mengisi peran dalam syair

Yang sebenarnya, tak mengerti makna yang terkandung

Selimut jiwa terbasahi segala tetesan darah

Yang mengalir dalam tubuhku

Kelopak mata terkatup

Dengan segala enggan mengisi kehidupan nyata

Ku terus bermimpi dalam duniaku

Enggan ku nikmati kehidupan ini

Dengan sejuta harapan di hati

Dalam setiap tetesan air mata membasahi

Terlarut dalam lantunan nada dan kata

Terbawa amarah yang meresah di jiwa

Yang tiada daya ku menahannya

Dalam kesendirian dan segala impian hati

Baca puisi karya Hilyah .N lainnya klik disini

Ludwig Van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven dibaptiskan pada 17 Desember 1770 di Bonn. Keluarganya berasal dari Brabant, di Belgia. Ayahnya adalah musisi di Pengadilan Bonn, dengan kelemahan yang pasti untuk minum. Ibunya selalu digambarkan sebagai seorang wanita, lembut pensiun, dengan hati yang hangat. Beethoven yang menyebutnya sebagai "sahabat terbaik"-nya. Keluarga Beethoven terdiri dari tujuh anak, tetapi hanya tiga anak laki-laki selamat, di antaranya Beethoven adalah anak sulung.

Pada usia dini, Beethoven mengambil minat dalam musik, dan ayahnya mengajarnya siang dan malam, pada kembali ke rumah dari praktek musik atau bar. Tanpa ragu, anak itu berbakat, dan ayahnya Johann dibayangkan menciptakan Mozart baru, anak ajaib.

Pada 26 Maret 1778, pada usia 7 1 / 2, Beethoven memberikan hasil pertama tahu publik, di Cologne. Ayahnya mengumumkan bahwa ia 6 tahun. Karena itu, Beethoven selalu berpikir bahwa ia lebih muda dari dia sebenarnya. Bahkan lama kemudian, ketika ia menerima salinan sertifikat baptisan, ia berpikir bahwa itu milik saudaranya Ludwig Maria, yang lahir dua tahun sebelum dia, dan mati sebagai seorang anak.

Tetapi bakat musik dan pengajaran Johann sangat terbatas. Segera Ludwig belajar musik, terutama organ dan komposisi oleh musisi ternama, seperti Gottlob Neefe. Neefe mengakui Beethoven bagaimana berbakat luar biasa itu. Selain mengajarkan musik, ia membuat karya-karya filsuf, kuno dan modern, dikenal Beethoven. Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ...
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Guru musik Beethoven

Pada tahun 1782, sebelum usia 12, Beethoven menerbitkan karya pertamanya: 9 variasi, dalam C Minor, untuk Piano, pada pawai oleh Ernst Christoph Dressler (Woo 63). Dan tahun berikutnya, pada tahun 1783, Neefe menulis dalam "Majalah Musik"​​, tentang muridnya: "Jika ia terus berlanjut seperti ini ia akan, tanpa diragukan lagi, Mozart baru".

Pada bulan Juni 1784, rekomendasi Neefe's, Ludwig ditunjuk organ dari pengadilan Maximilian Franz, Pemilih dari Cologne. Dia 14. Posting ini memungkinkan dia untuk lingkaran baru sering, selain dari ayahnya dan teman-teman dari keluarganya. Di sini ia bertemu orang-orang yang tetap berteman selama sisa hidupnya: Ries keluarga, keluarga von Breuning dan Eleonore menawan, Karl Amenda, pemain biola, Franz Gerhard Wegeler, dokter, dan seorang teman baik yang juga pergi ke Wina, dll
Di rumah, sedikit demi sedikit, Ludwig menggantikan ayahnya. Finansial pertama-tama, karena Johann, sering di bawah pengaruh minuman, kurang dan kurang mampu menjaga perannya di pengadilan. The Beethoven muda merasa bertanggung jawab atas kedua saudaranya yang lebih muda, ide ia terus selama sisa hidupnya, kadang-kadang sampai sebatas yang berlebihan.
Pangeran Maximilian Franz juga menyadari hadiah Beethoven, dan karena itu ia mengirim Beethoven ke Wina, pada tahun 1787, untuk bertemu Mozart dan melanjutkan pendidikan musik. Wina itu, setelah semua, kota mercusuar dari segi budaya dan musik. Terdapat hanya teks keaslian diperdebatkan tentang masalah ini pertemuan antara Mozart dan Beethoven. Mozart dianggap mengatakan "Jangan lupa nama-Nya - Anda akan mendengarnya sering diucapkan."!
Tapi surat yang disebut Beethoven kembali ke Bonn: ibunya sedang sekarat. Satu-satunya orang di keluarganya dengan siapa ia telah mengembangkan hubungan yang kuat dan penuh kasih meninggal dunia pada 17 Juli 1787.

Lima tahun kemudian, pada tahun 1792, Beethoven kembali ke Wina, manfaat dari bantuan lain, selama dua tahun, oleh Pemilih Pangeran, lagi untuk melanjutkan pendidikan musik. Dia tidak pernah kembali ke kota kelahirannya. Temannya Waldstein menulis kepadanya: "Kamu akan menerima roh Mozart dari tangan Haydn's" ...
Di Wina, musisi muda mengambil pelajaran dengan Haydn, kemudian dengan Albrechtsberger dan Salieri. Dia menangkap perhatian, dan heran, Wina, dengan keahlian dan improvisasi di atas piano. Pada 1794, Beethoven opus-nya 1, tiga trio untuk piano. Tahun berikutnya, Beethoven menjadikan penampilan publik pertama di Wina (suatu "Akademi") dimana setiap musisi untuk memainkan karyanya sendiri. Kemudian diikuti tur: Praha, Dresden, Leipzig dan Berlin sebelum berangkat untuk konser di Budapest.
Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ... mendengarkan di situs ini Beethoven karya
Beethoven membuat banyak kenalan di Wina. Semua orang di dunia musik dan bangsawan mengagumi komposer muda. Ini pecinta musik Beethoven adalah pendukung terbesar. Ia menjadi marah secara teratur dengan satu atau lain dari mereka, sering membuat mengubah terhormat segera setelah itu. Bakatnya minta yang berlebihan, perilaku impulsif.
Pada 1800, Beethoven mengadakan konser baru di Wina termasuk, khususnya, penyajian simfoni pertamanya. Meskipun saat ini kita menemukan pekerjaan ini klasik, dan dekat dengan karya-karya Mozart dan Haydn, pada waktu tertentu pendengar menemukan simfoni aneh, terlalu boros, dan bahkan agak bersifat cabul. Ini jenius, Beethoven, yang masih seorang komposer, muda baru, sudah mendorong batas mapan musik. Pada tahun 1801 Beethoven mengaku teman-temannya di Bonn khawatir tentang menjadi tuli. Pada Heiligenstadt, pada tahun 1802, dia menulis sebuah teks terkenal yang menyatakan jijik di ketidakadilan hidup: bahwa ia, seorang musisi, bisa menjadi tuli adalah sesuatu yang tidak ingin hidup melalui. Tapi musik membuatnya terus. Dan ia menulis bahwa ia tahu bahwa ia masih memiliki banyak domain musik lain untuk mengeksplorasi, menemukan, dan untuk menyampaikan. Beethoven tidak bunuh diri, lebih tepatnya, tahu bahwa cacat nya semakin memburuk, ia melemparkan dirinya ke karya-karyanya terbesar: sonata luar biasa untuk piano (terutama The Storm, opus 31), kedua dan ketiga-The simfoni Eroica - dan tentu saja lebih banyak. Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ... temukan di situs ini Beethoven tuli
Beethoven menulis ini simfoni ketiga untuk menghormati orang besar, Bonaparte. Dia dilihat sebagai pembebas rakyat, membuka, dari Revolusi Perancis, sebuah pintu untuk berharap. Ketika Konsul Pertama menyatakan dirinya Emporor, Beethoven menjadi marah dan merengut keluar nama Bonaparte dari skor.
Pada simfoni 7 April 1805 tersebut Eroica dimainkan untuk pertama kalinya.

Sementara itu, Beethoven akhirnya selesai opera nya, Leonore, yang opera hanya dia yang pernah menulis. Dia menulis dan kembali menulis empat tawaran yang berbeda. Nama opera karena itu berubah menjadi Fidelio, terhadap keinginan komposer. 20 November 1805 merupakan tanggal pembukaan kinerja ... sebelum penonton tipis perwira Perancis. Ini karena Napoleon, kepala tentara, telah merebut Wina untuk pertama kalinya. Hal ini terjadi lagi pada tahun 1809. Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ...
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4 tawaran untuk opera ini

Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya, kegiatan kreatif komposer menjadi intens. Ia terdiri banyak simfoni, diantaranya adalah Pastoral, yang Overture Coriolan, dan Surat yang terkenal untuk Elise. Dia mengambil banyak siswa, orang-orang yang menemukan muda dan menarik, dan karena itu ia jatuh cinta dengan beberapa dari mereka. The Rudolph Uskup Agung, saudara kaisar, juga menjadi muridnya, temannya dan akhirnya salah satu penyumbang nya.

Pada tahun 1809, Beethoven ingin meninggalkan Wina, atas undangan Jérôme Bonaparte. Temannya lama, Countess Anna Marie Erdödy, terus dia di Wina dengan bantuan pengagumnya terkaya: Rudolph Uskup Agung, Lobkowitz Pangeran dan Kinsky Pangeran. Orang-orang ini memberikan Beethoven hibah tahunan sebesar 4 000 florin, sehingga dia hidup tanpa kendala keuangan. Satu-satunya syarat adalah bahwa Beethoven tidak meninggalkan Wina. Beethoven diterima. Hibah ini membuatnya komposer independen pertama. Sebelum kontrak ini musisi dan komposer sama (bahkan Bach, Mozart dan Haydn), menjadi pelayan di rumah-rumah keluarga bangsawan kaya. Mereka dengan demikian bagian dari staf domestik, dengan tidak memiliki hak lebih dari yang lain, tapi dengan tugas tambahan komposisi dan kinerja. Jadi, untuk musisi hari, Beethoven keadaan luar biasa: ia bebas untuk menulis apa yang ia inginkan, ketika ia ingin, di bawah komando atau tidak, saat ia senang.
Pada tahun 1812, Beethoven pergi untuk hidroterapi di Teplitz, di mana ia menulis surat bersemangat untuk "The Immortal Beloved". Surat yang ditemukan di sebuah rahasia menarik dengan Heiligenstadt Perjanjian, belum berhenti teori dan anggapan peneliti dan penulis biografi sejak saat itu. Banyak perempuan di antara siswa dan teman-temannya telah, pada gilirannya, diusulkan sebagai penerima surat ini. Kecuali dokumen baru ditemukan (mungkin dalam harta milik seorang kolektor swasta) ada kemungkinan bahwa kebenaran tentang wanita misterius ini akan tetap rahasia. Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ...
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surat untuk Sang Kekasih Immortal

Pada akhir Juli 1812, Beethoven bertemu Goethe, di bawah organisasi Bettina Brentano. Kedua orang besar mengagumi satu sama lain, tetapi tidak mengerti satu sama lain. komposer menemukan penyair terlalu budak, dan estimasi penyair terakhir adalah bahwa Beethoven adalah "benar-benar liar". Goethe mengagumi Beethoven, ia dihukum beberapa musik puisi-puisinya. Saya selalu menyesal tidak yang telah lebih dipahami oleh Goethe.

Kemudian salah satu dermawan-nya, Lobkowitz Pangeran, jatuh ke dalam kesulitan keuangan, dan Kinski Pangeran meninggal karena jatuh dari kudanya. keturunan Kinski memutuskan untuk mengakhiri kewajiban keuangan terhadap Beethoven. Di sini mulai salah satu dari banyak usaha komposer di menyelamatkan kemandirian finansial.

Ceko Johann Nepomuk Maelzel mengambil kontak dengan Beethoven. Penemu jenius, dan mungkin penemu metronom, Maelzel sudah bertemu dengan Beethoven dan telah menciptakan berbagai perangkat untuk membantu Beethoven dengan pendengarannya: cornets akustik, sistem mendengarkan menghubungkan sampai dengan piano, dll Pada tahun 1813, Beethoven menggubah 'Victory The Wellington ', sebuah karya yang ditulis untuk instrumen mekanik yang dibuat oleh Maelzel, yang "panharmonica" (atau "panharmonicon"). Tapi itu di atas semua metronom yang membantu berkembang musik dan Beethoven, yang telah mengambil bunga langsung, mencatat cermat tanda-tanda pada nilai-nya, sehingga musik bisa dimainkan bagaimana dia ingin.

Akademi dikelompokkan 1814 karyanya, serta simfoni ketujuh dan kedelapan. Ini juga merupakan saat penulisan ulang Leonore sebagai Fidelio, hanya opera Beethoven. Karya ini akhirnya menjadi sukses sebelum publik.

Kemudian Kongres Wina bertemu, yang membawa bersama semua kepala negara untuk memutuskan masa depan Eropa setelah Napoleon. Ini adalah salah satu saat Beethoven kemuliaan. Dia diundang untuk bermain berkali-kali, membawanya pengakuan dan kekaguman yang ia bisa benar-benar bangga.
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Simfoni Beethoven

Pada 15 November 1815, Kaspar Karl, saudara Beethoven, meninggal. Dia meninggalkan istrinya, komposer yang disebut sebagai 'Ratu malam' karena hiburan sang janda, serta seorang putra, Karl, yang 9. Berikut hidup Beethoven adalah untuk berubah secara dramatis. Kakaknya telah menulis bahwa ia berharap Karl perwalian untuk dilaksanakan oleh kedua istri dan Ludwig saudaranya. Beethoven mengambil peran ini sangat serius, tapi berusia 45 tahun selibat yang tidak lagi bisa mendengar sulit untuk hidup dengan dan memahami anak, dan kemudian seorang pemuda. kohabitasi Ini adalah penyebab percobaan baru terhadap ibu dari anak, konflik generasi dan banyak masalah.

Pada tahun 1816, Carl Czerny (guru masa depan Franz Liszt dan setelah siswa Beethoven) menjadi guru musik Karl, tapi tidak menemukan bakat dalam anak laki-laki yang diharapkan Beethoven dia untuk dimiliki. Pada saat ini, ia mengakhiri siklus-nya lieders 'Untuk di kejauhan mencintai one'and merancang tema pertama untuk simfoni kesembilan.

Dua tahun kemudian, Rudolph Archduke menjadi Kardinal dan Beethoven mulai menulis massa di D. Tidak pernah siap untuk intronisation, tapi pekerjaan itu kaya luar biasa.

Gioachino Rossini menang di Wina tahun 1822 dimana dia bertemu Beethoven lagi. Hambatan bahasa dan ketulian Beethoven berarti bahwa mereka hanya bisa bertukar kata-kata singkat. Wina ditoleransi komposer opera Italia hanya di moderasi - ia menemukan kekurangan serius.
Simfoni kesembilan praktis selesai pada tahun 1823, tahun yang sama dengan Solemnis Missa. Liszt, yang berusia 11, bertemu Beethoven yang datang ke konser-nya pada tanggal 13 April. Dia mengucapkan selamat kepada para virtuoso muda yang tulus, tahun kemudian, ditranskripsi keseluruhan simfoni Beethoven untuk piano. Tahu lebih banyak tentang ini ...
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Liszt's transkripsi

7 Mei 1824 adalah tanggal bermain pertama dari simfoni kesembilan dan meskipun kesulitan musik, dan masalah di bagian-bagian dinyanyikan, itu sukses. Sayangnya hal itu tidak menguntungkan secara finansial. Masalah Keuangan terus-menerus menggerogoti komposer. Dia selalu punya uang dihukum satu sisi, tapi dia menyimpan itu untuk keponakannya.

Kemudian mulai periode kuartet terakhir, yang masih sulit bahkan untuk penonton hari ini, yang tahu bagaimana menafsirkan karya-karya yang lain. Dia mulai menulis simfoni kesepuluh.

Pada tahun 1826, Beethoven tertangkap dingin datang kembali dari tempat saudaranya, dengan siapa ia mendayung lagi. Penyakit ini rumit masalah kesehatan lain dari yang Beethoven menderita sepanjang hidupnya. Dia meninggal dikelilingi oleh teman-temannya terdekat pada tanggal 26 Maret 1827, sama seperti badai pecah.

Upacara pemakaman berlangsung di gereja Tritunggal Kudus. Diperkirakan bahwa antara 10 000 dan 30 000 orang menghadiri. Franz Schubert, pemalu dan pengagum besar Beethoven, tanpa pernah menjadi dekat dengan dia, adalah salah satu pembawa peti mati, bersama dengan musisi lainnya. Schubert meninggal pada tahun berikutnya dan dimakamkan di samping Beethoven.

Aktor Heinrich Anschutz membaca doa pemakaman ditulis oleh Franz Grillparzer, (seorang penulis besar), di depan pintu theWähring pemakaman (sekarang Schubert Park).